Paiva A, Craveiro R, Aroso I, Martins M, Reis RL, Duarte ARC (2014) Natural deep eutectic solvents-solvents for the twenty-first century. Wiley VCHĪbbott AP, Capper G, Davies DL, Rasheed RK, Tambyrajah V (2003) Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 41:7108–7146Įndres F, MacFarlane D, Abbott A (2008) Electrodeposition from ionic liquids. Zhang Q, De Oliveira Vigier K, Royer S, Jérôme F (2012) Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications. Smith EL, Abbott AP, Ryder KS (2014) Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their applications. A moderate viscosity and higher conductivity of the Cr(III)-containing ionic liquids with extra-water addition (at x > 9) make them suitable for the development of chromium electrodeposition processes. There is a strong linear correlation between conductivity and fluidity which indicates that the conductivity of the ionic liquid mixtures is generally controlled by the ionic mobility. The activation energies of viscous flow and conductivity diminishes with increasing water content in the liquid mixture. The variation of the average void radii correlates with the change in viscosity and conductivity. The average hole size was stated to grow with increasing both temperature and water content in the mixture. The average void radii (hole sizes) for the liquid systems under study were calculated they were in the range of 1.21 to 1.82 Å. Increasing both water content and temperature resulted in decreasing density, surface tension and viscosity and increasing electrical conductivity. The density, viscosity, surface tension and conductivity of the liquid mixtures were measured for the temperature range of 25 to 80 ☌. The effects of water addition and temperature on some physicochemical properties of room temperature ionic liquids containing chromium chloride, choline chloride and water in the molar ratio of 1:2.5: x (where x = 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18) have been studied.
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